The symptoms of a vitamin B-12 deficiency may include: Fatigue, weakness Memory loss Depression Confusion Insomnia Shortness of breath Poor sense of balance Vision problems Diarrhoea or constipation Loss of appetite Cognitive functioning problems Beefy, red, smooth and sore tongue Sore mouth and/or bleeding gums Numbness and tingling of hands and feet Loss of hearing and tinnitus Pale, possibly yellowish pallor in light-skinned individuals
Find out if older adults who walk or hike should take a multivitamin, vitamin C, vitamin D, or other supplements, like electrolytes, when hiking
ClinicalTrials.gov lists ongoing studies
Cagrilintide's amylin mechanism (different pathway) How cagrilintide works: Amylin receptor agonist Long-acting weekly injection Investigational (not FDA approved) Different receptors than GIP/GLP-1 Amylin pathway effects: Very strong gastric emptying delay (stronger than GLP-1) Central appetite suppression (area postrema) Reduces meal frequency Suppresses glucagon Enhances satiety Cagrilintide monotherapy results: 10-12% average body weight loss Significant GI side effects (stronger gastric slowing) Currently in Phase 3 trials Not yet available pharmaceutically See our cagrilintide weight loss , cagrilintide dosing , and cagrilintide and semaglutide guides