Common Reflux Triggers on GLP-1s Very spicy foods chilli-heavy dishes, hot sauce, curry with high capsaicin content Tomato-based sauces pasta sauce, pizza sauce, tomato soup (particularly on an empty stomach) Citrus fruits and juices oranges, grapefruit, orange juice Chocolate relaxes the lower oesophageal sphincter Peppermint including peppermint tea (also relaxes the LES) Carbonated beverages even sugar-free ones increase pressure and reflux Coffee, particularly on an empty stomach combines acid stimulation with LES relaxation Onions and garlic in large quantities some patients report significant reactions What to eat instead: Mild-flavour proteins, cooked vegetables (steamed, roasted), plain yoghurt, oats, bananas, ginger tea (actually helps reduce nausea)
This results in an open cylindrical microchannel integrated within the 3D scaffold where the ECs are seeded and grown until a completely endothelialized circular lumen is achieved [259]
Potential risks include breast tenderness, headaches, slight increase in breast cancer risk with prolonged synthetic progestin use (not seen with micronized progesterone), blood clot risk with oral estrogen (not transdermal), and gallbladder disease risk with oral estrogen
Selenium has a narrow safe window, the NHS flags 350 g/day from supplements as the level unlikely to cause harm, and the UK Safe Upper Level is 450 g/day from all sources
