Hydroxocobalamin: keep it refrigerated Hydroxocobalamin is the form the NHS uses for treating B12 deficiency, because it stays in the body longer
Moreover, KO mice for liver IGF-1 gene developed muscle insulin resistance (it is important to mention that skeletal muscle myocytes express high number of IGF-1R), showing an increase in insulin concentrations and a substantial decrease in the insulin-induced autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor and IRS in skeletal muscle (being normal in liver and white adipose tissue)
Injections, on the other hand, provide high bioavailability and typically result in faster improvement of symptoms Injections may be a better choice if: Youve been diagnosed with a B12 deficiency You follow a vegetarian or vegan diet You take medications that impair absorption You want faster, more noticeable results Ideal B12 Injection Dosage & Frequency Theres no one-size-fits-all dosage for B12 injections
Higher dosing (3-5mg daily) Some protocols call for higher doses, particularly for acute wound healing, significant tissue repair, or when combining injectable with topical applications