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doi: 10.1016/s0928-4257(01)00040-7

FOSL1 is an early gene that belongs to the activator protein 1 family of dimeric transcription factor genes 41

Aging reduces NAD+ synthesis pathways while increasing consumption by enzymes like CD38 and PARPs, activated by inflammation and damage.[13][15] CD38, an immune-related enzyme, ramps up with age, breaking down NAD+ precursors