Safety Although the studies included in this review identified no important safety issues, orally administered l-carnitine supplementation has been linked to a increase in trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine- N -oxide (TMAO), as unabsorbed carnitine is metabolised by the gut microbiota to TMA and later oxidised to TMAO in the liver
Most treatment protocols run between 4 and 12 weeks, depending on the condition being addressed and the patients individual response
The lower RMSF values for residues 200 to 400 in the Arbutin_d mode are hypothesized to be due to the hydroxyphenyl group of Arbutin_d facing the L3 region, where R289 tends to interact with the hydroxyphenyl group of Arbutin, stabilizing this region
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00160 Summary Keywords antioxidants, female infertility, male infertility, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress Citation Saleh R, Sallam H, Elsuity MA, Dutta S, Sengupta P and Nasr A (2025) Antioxidant therapy for infertile couples: a comprehensive review of the current status and consideration of future prospects