GLP-1 AND DUAL GLP-1/GIP AGONISTS Glucagonlike peptide 1 and dual GLP-1/GIP agonists are emerging classes of medications currently approved as adjunct and second-line therapies for T2DM, particularly in patients who are overweight or obese as well as in those who are at risk for hypoglycemia
*In studies, l-carnitine has demonstrated the ability to promote oxygenation of heart muscle, support cardiovascular energy, enhance endurance training, and maintain healthy lipid metabolism
Oxidative Stress Level of Evidence: Moderate preclinical evidence ALC demonstrates significant antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activity.[7] Compared to L-carnitine at equivalent doses, ALC was more effective in decreasing oxidative damage markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized nucleotides (oxo8dG/oxo8G), and nitrotyrosine in old rat brain.[17] ALC reduces total cellular levels of oxidized peroxiredoxins and counteracts age-related decreases of PRX3 and SOD2.[8] ALCs antioxidant effects extend beyond direct scavenging to include enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses
It is attributed to vitamin D stimulating the expression of the LPL gene in muscles and adipose tissue, increasing the clearance of circulating lipoprotein particles 6
