Preservation of the highest (millimolar) concentrations of reduced GSH in most cell types highlights GSH vital and multifunctional roles in controlling various biological processes like detoxification of foreign and endogenous compounds, protein folding, regeneration of vitamins C and E, maintenance of mitochondrial function, regulation of cell cycle and cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune response, and multiple other cellular and biological functions, particularly important, antiviral defense (Meister and Anderson, 1983
NAD is crucial for normal development, survival, and function of energy-hungry tissues, like the brain, skeletal muscle, and liver
Willow was later used in China and Europe for headaches, osteoarthritis, tendonitis, and lower back pain
A 2023 preclinical study tested semaglutide specifically in an MS model and found it improved cognitive and motor function, reduced nerve damage, and promoted nerve repair