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Piya S, PhD, Ma H, MS, Piya S, PhD, Ruvolo V, MS, Basyal M, BSc, Golas A, PhD, Windak R, PhD, Rzymski T, PhD, Andreeff M , MD, PhD, Borthakur G, MD
Clinical use of corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and adjuvant targeted exercise therapy is common in the conservative treatment of OA
GAA is an aldosterone-type triterpenoid derived from Ganoderma lucidum, known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticancer properties ( In vitro experiments confirmed that A 25-35 treatment significantly inhibited the activation of the NRF2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway in HT22 cells, upregulated the expression of Fe 2+ , TFR1, ACSL4, MDA, and GSSG, and decreased the expression of FTH1, SOD, and GSH, as well as the GSH/GSSG ratio, resulting in dysregulated neuronal iron metabolism, impaired amino acid antioxidant systems, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ferroptosis, which ultimately promoted neuronal injury