Both the parent drug and metabolites cause oxidant stress to the red cell, and are responsible for the oxidation of heme iron to ferric form, thereby causing methemoglobinemia and resultant hemolytic anemia [47]
Despite its theoretical appeal for treating insomnia (Xu et al., 2020), the efficacy, optimal dosing, and pharmaceutical formulations of melatonin remain under-researched, indicating a need for further scientific validation to establish its clinical utility (Wieckiewicz et al., 2023)
Goines P, Haapanen L, Boyce R, Duncanson P, Braunschweig D, Delwiche L et al
It was revealed to scavenge hydroxyl radical (OH), superoxide anion radical (O 2 - ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO - ), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) and stimulates antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) SOD, Catalase, GPx, GR by nutritional antioxidants (59, 93) ( Figure 3 )