Instead of relying on your digestive system to absorb it, injections deliver a concentrated dose directly into your muscle, ensuring it gets to where it needs to be quickly and efficiently
In the oral cavity, LL-37 (a cathelicidin), histatins (salivary peptides), and human beta-defensins (HBDs) are produced continuously but their expression is suppressed by chronic inflammation, poor nutrition, and aging, contributing to periodontal disease progression
Medical conditions affecting absorption warrant particular attention : Pernicious anaemia : an autoimmune condition destroying gastric parietal cells, requiring lifelong B12 injections Gastrointestinal surgery : particularly gastric bypass, gastrectomy, or terminal ileum resection Inflammatory bowel disease : Crohn's disease affecting the terminal ileum impairs absorption Coeliac disease : untreated disease damages the small intestine, reducing B12 uptake Medication use : long-term metformin therapy (MHRA safety alert) or nitrous oxide exposure Symptoms suggesting possible B12 deficiency include : persistent fatigue, weakness, paraesthesia (pins and needles) in hands or feet, glossitis (sore, red tongue), mood changes, memory problems, or unexplained anaemia
How to ensure the quality
