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Key Points Animal studies suggest that endogenous, central glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) regulates both short-term and long-term energy balance, potentially via activation of hindbrain and hypothalamic GLP-1 receptors (GLP1R), respectively Endogenous peripheral GLP-1 may limit meal size by activation of GLP1R on local vagal afferent nerves and stimulation of a gutbrain feedback loop Increasing GLP1R activity by administering GLP-1 receptor agonists reduces food intake and promotes weight loss in humans, but the extent to which endogenous GLP-1 regulates energy balance in humans remains unknown Although diabetes mellitus and obesity appear to be associated with altered GLP-1 system activity, GLP1R agonists retain their efficacy in these contexts, making them a viable therapeutic tool A better understanding of how endogenous central and peripheral GLP-1 regulate energy balance has the potential to maximize our application of GLP-1-based therapies for the treatment of obesity This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access 186,36 per year only 15,53 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF
Biochemical investigations showed a normal level of cysteinyl glycine in plasma, an abnormal urinary profile with increased excretion of cysteinyl glycine (4972 mmol/mol of creatinine) and leukotrienes with increased leukotriene D4 and complete absence of LTE4
Acting on the cardiovascular system GLP-1 may have certain effects on the cardiovascular system, mainly manifested as increased heart rate and changes in blood pressure.Heart rate increase: The use of GLP-1 receptor agonists can cause an increase in heart rate in patients, and the magnitude of the increase in heart rate is related to the duration of GLP-1 action
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