While Zepbound isnt on the VAs standard list of VA-approved medications, it may still be available for long-term weight management through a special request, which requires prior approval from a VA healthcare provider
Abbreviations: Pla2g6/Phospholipase A2, group VI knockout (a genetic modification where the Pla2g6 gene is knocked out), PASPeriodic Acid-Schiff stain (a staining method used to detect glycogen and other carbohydrates), CD68Cluster of differentiation 68 (a marker for macrophages and monocytes), NeuNNeuronal Nuclei (a neuron-specific nuclear protein), GFAPglial fibrillary acidic protein (a marker for astrocytes), Iba-1Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (a marker for microglia), RIP1Receptor-interacting protein 1, RIP3rRceptor-interacting protein 3, -actinBeta-actin (a cytoskeletal protein often used as a loading control in Western blots), PCRPolymerase chain reaction, GLP-1R geneGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene, ATF-3activating transcription Factor 3, BCl2B-cell lymphoma 2 (anti-apoptotic protein), BClxLB-cell lymphoma-extra large (anti-apoptotic protein), BaxBcl-2-associated X protein (pro-apoptotic protein), MPTP1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (a neurotoxin), THTyrosine Hydroxylase (an enzyme involved in dopamine synthesis), 4-HNE4-Hydroxynonenal (a marker of oxidative stress), ATC7Autophagy-related gene 7 (part of the autophagy process), LC2Light chain 2 (part of the autophagy process), Beclin1Bcl-2-interacting myosin-like coiled-coil protein 1, SQSTM1Sequestosome-1 (also known as P62, a protein involved in autophagy), P62Sequestosome-1, -SynAlpha-synuclein (a protein associated with neurodegenerative disorders), LC3Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (part of the autophagy process), GDNFGlial cell-derived neurotrophic Factor, 6-OHDA6-Hydroxydopamine (a neurotoxin), DADopamine, TNF-Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1Interleukin-1 beta, IRS-1Insulin receptor substrate 1, IRS-1(phospho-S312)Phosphorylated form of IRS-1 at serine 312, GAPDHGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (a common housekeeping gene used as a loading control in experiments), DA5-CHDopamine-5,6-chlorohydroxydihydroxyphenylalanine, ATG7Autophagy-related gene 7, LC3IIMicrotubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (processed form), LC3IMicrotubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 isoform I, ROSReactive oxygen species
The transition from 0.5 mg to 1 mg is where many patients notice the 'sweet spot'sufficient appetite suppression to maintain a calorie deficit without overwhelming gastrointestinal effects
OCR and ECAR were measured using five 2 min cycles of mix and measurement following each injection
