Further, the numbers were 35% from anti-estrogenic substances (tamoxifen, clomiphene, fulvestrant, toremifene, and raloxifene) and 20% from AIs (letrozole, anastrozole, exemestane, adrostatrienedione, and armistane) in 2022 (World Anti-Doping Agency, 2024b)
L-carnitine improved exercise tolerance and muscle strength while decreasing lactate production
In aged animal models, Epithalon treatment has been associated with preserved spatial memory, improved learning performance, and protection against age-related neuronal loss in key brain regions
IL-1 is a typical inflammatory mediator produced by nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, leading to myocardial hypertrophy, heart failure, and coronary atherosclerosis [85, 86]