Continuous oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation, intense cytokine release and a cytokine storm as seen in SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 disease, and the viral infection enhances oxidative stress creating a fatal vicious circle between oxidative stress and cytokine storm during COVID-19 infection (Delgado-Roche and Mesta, 2020

Introduction Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent and debilitating gastrointestinal condition characterized by recurrent flare-ups of symptoms such as increased central pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation ( Post-viral gastroenteritis, pre-morbid psychological disorders, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis mediate a maladaptive stress response, which is essential for the onset, intensity, and persistence of IBS-associated symptoms ( The Rome IV diagnostic criteria are currently used to diagnose IBS, which is divided into four subgroups based on bowel habits, bowel function, and stool consistency: constipation dominant (IBS-C), diarrhea dominant (IBS-D), mixed (IBS-M), and unclassified/unspecified IBS (IBS-U) ( Following food consumption, the metabolic endocrine cascade begins with gastric emptying
They may recommend a schedule for maintenance treatments and offer tips tailored to your specific needs
Furthermore, probiotics can enhance the hosts immune response, facilitating the clearance of H