Elevated CD73 expression, validated in both human (PANC1) and murine (TB32047) pancreatic cancer cell lines, correlated with diminished overall and disease-free lifespan
42 Detection of IL-6, TNF-, IGF-1, and vitamin D in the serum was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) and assessed using spectrophotometry
333 mcg
Normally microglia are neuroprotective, cleaning out debris that may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases or damage from ischemic stroke, but in the case of TBI they can become overactivated and exacerbate neuroinflammation (with upregulated TNFa, IL-6, C3, NK-kB, CD68, etc), and vascular changes can result in headaches, neurovascular flow changes, impaired lymphatic flow, blood-brain barrier disruption, activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, neuronal death, hyperexcitability, and disrupted synaptic connections