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Notable increases in Lactococcus and Lactobacillus occurred [10]

Most research on these substances remains preclinical: cell studies and animal models, with very limited human data

Vitamin B12 testing is recommended for symptomatic patients, particularly those also taking metformin, rather than routine supplementation

Subsequently, according to the method described in the previous study ( 2.7 Immunofluorescence (IF) After transcardial perfusion in mice, brain tissues were harvested and pretreated with gradient dehydration in 20% and 30% sucrose solutions at 4C (to reduce ice crystal damage), then embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound and sectioned for 20 m thickness using cryostat