Patients can self-inject subcutaneously in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm, rotating injection sites to minimize local reactions
CrossRef Role of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in suppressing lipid accumulation by glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist in hepatocytes Jingya Lyu, Hitomi Imachi, Kensaku Fukunaga, Seisuke Sato, Toshihiro Kobayashi, Tao Dong, Takanobu Saheki, Mari Matsumoto, Hisakazu Iwama, Huanxiang Zhang, Koji Murao Molecular Metabolism.2020
In the absence of oxygen, there is little mitochondrial NAD + available for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, thus no acetyl-CoA will be formed, pyruvate carboxylase will not get activated, there will be no citrate, there will be no citric acid cycle, ATP levels will be low, thus phosphofructokinase-1 will remain uninhibited (because of no citrate and low [ATP] accompanied by high [ADP])
One study involving patients with inflammatory bowel disease reported significant symptomatic relief and improved mucosal healing following BPC 157 administration