It is a state of imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of biological systems to reduce ROS levels.7 These conditions can cause several reproductive diseases such as endometriosis, PCOS, decreased oocyte quality, infertility, miscarriage, preeclampsia, IUGR, and premature birth 8,9 occurrence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) associated with reproductive and metabolic diseases, and this condition is characterized by irregular menstruation, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, anovulation.10 The state of oxidative stress at the cellular level can affect the quality of the women's and men's reproductive organs, decrease fertility, and increase the risk of abortion, and fetal growth is inhibited due to excessive exposure to glucocorticoid hormones.11 Oxidative stress has been linked to many patterns of disease.12 The body's main antioxidant, glutathione, has an important role in preventing cell damage caused by oxidative stress 13 and is able to maintain vitamin C and vitamin E, which also acts as exogenous antioxidants.14 Low levels of estrogen and stressful conditions also trigger women to be vulnerable to oxidative stress
3) downstream effectors of mTOR signaling pathway
Altered proximal tubule fatty acid utilization, mitophagy, fission and supercomplexes arrangement in experimental Fanconi syndrome are ameliorated by sulforaphane-induced mitochondrial biogenesis
Research should continue to integrate insights from genomics, microbiomics, neuroscience, and immunology through multi-omics and systems biology approaches to unravel the multifactorial nature of ASD
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