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Brain 146:225236 Cossu G et al (2016) Levodopa and neuropathy risk in patients with Parkinson disease: effect of COMT inhibition

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Fresh mid-stream urine samples were obtained from six healthy male donors aged between 7 and 30 years

Abbreviations ALD Alcoholic liver disease BMDM Bone marrow-derived macrophage BMP Bone morphogenetic protein CDT Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin C/EBP CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein CP Ceruloplasmin DAMPs Damage-associated molecular patterns DcytB Duodenal cytochrome b DMT1 Divalent metal transporter-1 EGF Epidermal growth factor EPO Erythropoietin ERFE Erythroferrone FPN Ferroportin GLUT4 Glucose transporter 4 GPX4 Glutathione peroxidase 4 GSH Glutathione HCP1 Heme carrier protein-1 HIFs Hypoxia-inducible factors HJV Hemojuvelin HO1 Heme oxygenase 1 HSCs Hepatic stellate cells HGF Hepatocyte growth factor 4-HNE 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal IL6 Interleukin 6 IL1 Interleukin 1 IL22 Interleukin 22 IRE Iron-responsive element IRPs Iron regulatory proteins IRS1 Insulin receptor substrate 1 JAK2 Janus kinase 2 KCs Kupffer cells LCN2 Lipocalin-2 LPS Lipopolysaccharide NAC N -Acetylcysteine NAFLD Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NASH Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NF-B Nuclear factor-B NLRP3 NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 NRF2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 PDGFR Platelet-derived growth factor receptor ROS Reactive oxygen species SIRT1 Sirtuin1 SMA Smooth muscle -actin STAT3 Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 TS Transferrin saturation TfR Transferrin receptor TNF Tumor necrosis factor Author contributions TZ conceived the concept of the manuscript