[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Winner BM, Zhang H, Farthing MM, Karchalla LM, Lookingland KJ, Goudreau JL (2017) Metabolism of dopamine in nucleus accumbens astrocytes is preserved in aged mice exposed to MPTP
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In one mouse study, researchers found that the peptide reduced the pain felt by the animals in their paws when placed on a mildly hot plate. The authors explained that this could be because GHK is similar in structure to cimetidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist sometimes given to reduce pain in certain digestive conditions.3 10 In rodents, doses as low as 0.5mg/kg were found to be effective in delivering these anti-pain effects.25 In a 70kg human, an equivalent dose would be around 5.6mg, though thats likely higher than necessary: pharmaceutical-grade GHK-Cu normally ranges from 0.5 mg to 2.5mg per injection
These enzymes are involved in detoxification processes 25 by linking toxic compounds with glutathione (GSH), a key antioxidant non-protein thiol, thus counteracting oxidative stress 26
